摘要：
The backfiring optical systems for directional luminaires described herein provide engineered diffusion and tailoring of the beam to correct undesirable artifacts. In one embodiment a back-firing optical system comprises a light source, a solid lens having an entry face and a back face, and a surface reflector. The surface reflector is disposed in close proximity to the lens, and spaced apart from the back face of the lens by an air gap.
权利要求：
CLAIMS
What is claimed is:
1. A back-firing optical system comprising: a light source, a lens having an entry face and a back face, and a surface reflector, wherein the surface reflector is disposed in close proximity to the lens, and spaced apart from the back face of the lens by an air gap, and wherein the surface reflector features an overall curvature that conforms to an overall curvature of the back face of the lens.
2. The back-firing optical system of claim 1 wherein the air gap between the back face of the lens and the surface reflector is less than 10% of a distance between the entry face of the lens and the back face of the lens.
3. The back-firing optical system of claim 1 wherein a texture is applied to one or both of the back surface of the lens and the surface reflector.
4. The back-firing optical system of claim 3 wherein the texture is varied radially.
5. The back-firing optical system of claim 3 wherein the texture comprises lenslets.
6. The back-firing optical system of claim 5 wherein a pitch of the lenslets is between
1% and 10% of a diameter of the entry face of the lens, and wherein a focal length of the lenslets is between 0.1 and 0.5 times of a focal length of the back face of the lens.
7. The back-firing optical system of claim 3 wherein the texture comprises a pattern that does not form a regularly-packed array.
8. The back-firing optical system of claim 1 wherein a texture is applied to both the back face of the lens and to the surface reflector.
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The back-firing optical system of claim 8 further comprising a mechanism for adjusting a rotation of the surface reflector relative to the lens, thereby adjusting a width of an output beam. The back-firing optical system of claim 8 further comprising a mechanism for attaching the surface reflector to the lens in one or more selected fixed positions, thereby adjusting a width of an output beam to selected fixed values. The back-firing optical system of claim 1 further comprising an anti -reflective layer disposed on the entry face of the lens. The back-firing optical system of claim 11 wherein the anti-reflective layer comprises one of a motheye nanostructure, a low-index material, a gradient index layer, a porous structure, or a multilayer dielectric structure. The back-firing optical system of claim 1 wherein the lens is comprised of a doublet lens composed of two optical materials having different refractive indices. A back-firing optical system comprising: a light source, a solid lens having an entry surface and a back surface, and featuring a texture on the back surface, and a reflective coating disposed on the back surface of the solid lens. The back-firing optical system of claim 14 wherein the texture is varied radially. The back-firing optical system of claim 14 wherein the texture comprises lenslets. The back-firing optical system of claim 16 wherein a pitch of the lenslets is between 1% and 10% of a diameter of the lens, and a focal length of the lenslets is between 0.1 and 0.5 times a focal length of a profile of the back face. The back-firing optical system of claim 14 wherein the texture comprises a pattern that does not form a regularly-packed array.
The back-firing optical system of claim 14 further comprising an anti -reflective layer disposed on the entry surface of the lens. The back-firing optical system of claim 19 wherein the anti -reflective layer is comprised of a motheye nanostructure, a low-index material, a gradient index layer, a porous structure, or a multilayer dielectric structure. The back-firing optical system of claim 14 wherein the lens comprises a doublet lens composed of two optical materials with different refractive indices. The back-firing optical system of claim 1 additionally comprising a support structure having a face oriented towards the entry face of the lens, the face of the support structure further composed of light-absorbing material, thereby reducing an extent to which the support structure is imaged in an output beam. The back-firing optical system of claim 1 additionally comprising a support structure having a face oriented towards the entry face of the lens, the face of the support structure having a reflective area thereon. The back-firing optical system of claim 23 wherein the reflective area has one or both of a shape that imparts a change in intensity distribution of an output beam and a specific reflectivity spectrum to produce a shift in the spectrum of the output beam. The back-firing optical system of claim 1 wherein the lens and surface reflector form an optical element that is part of an array of optical elements. The back-firing optical system of claim 25 additionally comprising an adjuster mechanism arranged to move an axis of the optical elements with respect to an axis of the light source. The back-firing optical system of claim 25 wherein the optical elements are differently oriented with respect to the light sources.