发明人：
HIKMET, RIFAT, ATA, MUSTAFA | VAN BOMMEL, TIES | GRUHLKE, STEFAN, WILLI, JULIUS
摘要：
The invention provides a method for producing a 3D item (1) by means of fused deposition modelling, the method comprising a 3D printing stage comprising layer- wise depositing an extrudate (321) comprising 3D printable material (201), to provide the 3D item (1) comprising 3D printed material (202), wherein the 3D item (1) comprises layers (322) of 3D printed material (202), wherein the method further comprises controlling a first temperature T1 of the 3D printable material (201) within a first temperature range, wherein the 3D printable material (201) comprises a thermoplastic host material (401) and a dopant material (410) in the range of 1-20 vol.%, the dopant material (410) comprising polymeric flake-like particles having a metal coating, wherein the 3D printable material (201) has an optical property that irreversibly changes from a low-temperature optical property to a high-temperature optical property when increasing a temperature of the 3D printable material (201) over a change temperature Tc, the optical property being selected from the group consisting of reflection, transmission, luminescence, absorption, and color, wherein the change temperature Tc is within the first temperature range, wherein during at least a first part of the 3D printing stage the first temperature T1 is below the change temperature Tc, and wherein during at least a second part of the 3D printing stage the first temperature T1 is above the change temperature Tc.
权利要求：
CLAIMS:
1. A method for producing a 3D item (1) by means of fused deposition modelling, the method comprising a 3D printing stage comprising layer-wise depositing an extrudate (321) comprising 3D printable material (201), to provide the 3D item (1) comprising 3D printed material (202), wherein the 3D item (1) comprises layers (322) of 3D printed material (202), wherein the method further comprises controlling a first temperature T i of the 3D printable material (201) within a first temperature range, wherein the 3D printable material (201) comprises: a thermoplastic host material (401), and a dopant material (410) in the range of 1-20 vol.%, the dopant material (410) comprising polymeric flake-like particles having a metal coating, wherein the 3D printable material (201) has an optical property that irreversibly changes from a low-temperature optical property to a high-temperature optical property when increasing a temperature of the 3D printable material (201) over a change temperature Tc, the optical property being selected from the group consisting of reflection, transmission, luminescence, absorption, and color, wherein the change temperature Tcis within the first temperature range, wherein during at least a first part of the 3D printing stage the first temperature Ti is below the change temperature Tc, and wherein during at least a second part of the 3D printing stage the first temperature Ti is above the change temperature Tc.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises executing the 3D printing stage with a fused deposition modeling 3D printer (500), comprising a printer head (501) comprising a printer nozzle (502), wherein the method comprises controlling the first temperature Ti of the 3D printable material (201) within the printer nozzle (502).
3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermoplastic host material (401) comprises one or more of polyethylene (PE), low-density
polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and low-density polypropylene (LDPP), or a copolymer of two or more of these.
4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the dopant material (410) comprises polyethylene terephthalate flake-like particles having an aluminum coating.
5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the dopant material (410) comprises flake-like particles having a particle length (LI) and a particle height (L2) with an aspect ratio of L1/L2 of at least 5, and wherein the method comprises printing one or more layers (322) of the 3D printed material (202) having a layer height (H), wherein the layer height (H) is smaller than the particle length (L2), and wherein the layers are stacked.
6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the dopant material (410) comprise one or more of quantum particles, organic luminescent molecules, and luminescence quenching molecules.
7. A 3D item (1) comprising 3D printed material (202), wherein the 3D item (1) comprises a plurality of layers (322) of 3D printed material (202), wherein the 3D printed material (202) comprises: a thermoplastic host material (401), and a dopant material (410) in the range of 1-20 vol.%, the dopant material (410) comprising polymeric flake-like particles having a metal coating, wherein the 3D printed material (202) comprising the dopant material (410) has an optical property that irreversibly changes from a low-temperature optical property to a high-temperature optical property when increasing a temperature of the 3D printed material (202) comprising the dopant material (410) over a change temperature Tc, the optical property being selected from the group consisting of reflection, transmission, luminescence, absorption, and color, wherein at least a first part (451) of one or more of the plurality of layers (322) has the low-temperature optical property and at least a second part (452) of one or more of the plurality of layers (322) has the high-temperature optical property.
8. The 3D item (1) according to claim 7, wherein the thermoplastic host material (401) comprises one or more of polyethylene (PE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and low-density polypropylene (HDPP).
9. The 3D item (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 7-8, wherein the dopant material (410) comprises polyethylene terephthalate flake-like particles having an aluminum coating, wherein the flake-like particles have a particle length (LI) and a particle height (L2) with an aspect ratio of L1/L2 of at least 5, wherein the layers (322) of one or more of the 3D printed material (202) have a layer height (H), wherein the layer height (H) is smaller than the particle length (L2), and wherein the layers are stacked.
10. The 3D item (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 7-9, wherein the thermoplastic host material (401) of the first part (451) and of the second part (452) are identical, wherein the volume percentage of the dopant material (410) in the first part (451) and the second part (452) are identical, and wherein under perpendicular irradiation with a wavelength within the visible wavelength range the wavelength dependent transmission and/or the wavelength dependent reflection differ for the first part (451) and the second part (452).
11. The 3D item (1) according to claim 10, wherein one of the first part (451) and the second part (452) has a less homogeneous distribution of the dopant material (410) than the other of the first part (451) and the second part (452).
12. A lighting device (1000) comprising the 3D item (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 7-11, wherein the 3D item (1) is configured as one or more of (i) at least part of a lighting device housing, (ii) at least part of a wall of a lighting chamber, and (iii) an optical element.