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[0036]The exemplary embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative of advantageous selectable media filter and sparger assemblies, and systems of the present disclosure and methods/techniques thereof. It should be understood, however, that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the present disclosure, which may be embodied in various forms. Therefore, details disclosed herein with reference to exemplary selectable media filter and sparger assemblies and associated processes/techniques of fabrication/assembly and use are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as the basis for teaching one skilled in the art how to make and use the advantageous selectable media filter and sparger assemblies and/or alternative assemblies of the present disclosure.
[0037]The present disclosure provides advantageous selectable media filter and sparger assemblies, and improved systems/methods for utilizing and/or fabricating the selectable media filter and sparger assemblies.
[0038]More particularly, the present disclosure provides selectable media filter and sparger assemblies fabricated at least in part by additive manufacturing (e.g., via a 3D printing process, such as, for example, via a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process, via an electron-beam melting (“EBM”) process, via an inkjet or a binder-jet additive manufacturing process, etc.), the selectable media filter and sparger assemblies including a plurality of filtration and/or sparging members attached to a single housing, with each filtration/sparging member having an independent connection port.
[0039]Referring now to the drawings, like parts are marked throughout the specification and drawings with the same reference numerals, respectively. Drawing figures are not necessarily to scale and in certain views, parts may have been exaggerated for purposes of clarity.
[0040]FIG. 1 is a side perspective view of an exemplary selectable media filter and sparger assembly 10.
[0041]In exemplary embodiments, selectable media filter and sparger assembly 10 includes a plurality of filtration and/or sparging members 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E attached to a single housing 14 (e.g., solid housing cap 14), with each filtration/sparging member having an independent respective connection port 17A-17E. In certain embodiments, assembly 10 includes support member 16 (e.g., solid center support member 16 extending from housing 14). It is noted that assembly 10 can include any suitable number of filtration and/or sparging members 12A, 12B, etc.
[0042]In exemplary embodiments, the present disclosure provides selectable media filter and sparger assemblies 10 fabricated at least in part by additive manufacturing (e.g., via a 3D printing process, such as, for example, via a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process, via an electron-beam melting (“EBM”) process, via an inkjet or a binder-jet additive manufacturing process, etc.), the selectable media filter and sparger assemblies 10 including a plurality of filtration and/or sparging members 12A-12D attached to a single housing 14, with each filtration/sparging member 12A-12D having an independent respective connection port 17A-17E, thereby providing significant operational, manufacturing, commercial and/or revenue advantages as a result, and as discussed further below.
[0043]In exemplary embodiments, the selectable media filter and sparger assembly 10 is an additively manufactured assembly 10 fabricated from metal, with the assembly 10 including a plurality of filtration/sparging members 12A-12E attached to a single housing 14. These members 12A-12E can be fabricated with a variety of different pore structures/densities to fit numerous application needs.
[0044]In certain embodiments, the members 12A-12E have a helical shape and can be further modified to maximize the porous media surface area without increasing the overall length/width of the assembly 10. Each member 12A-12E has an independent respective connection port 17A-17E that can accept a variety of fittings for filtrate removal or supply gas/liquid.
[0045]Exemplary assembly 10 can be used for any sparging applications that require gas/liquid mass transfer (e.g., bio-reactors, fermentation tanks, oxygenation, oxygen stripping). The assembly 10 can also be used for filtration applications requiring specific particle size capture of feed stock or particle size selection in filtrate material, and/or for filtration of ions, molecules, or chemicals, and/or including nano/molecular level filtration.
[0046]The exemplary assembly 10 comprises a plurality of members/elements 12A-12E that can exhibit a variety of sparging and/or filtration properties.
[0047]For sparging, this allows the user to control the mass transfer rate by simply selecting the appropriate member/element 12A-12E.
[0048]For filtration applications, the appropriate members/elements 12A-12E can provide segmented particle size range capture under the same process.
[0049]Conventional practice provides that for both sparging and filtration this would require the user to swap out components which would require interruption of the process system as well as increased time required to perform the swaps. Additionally and advantageously, the additive manufacturing process of the present disclosure allows for these members/elements 12A-12E to be designed with much higher surface area compared to similarly sized, conventional members/elements. It is noted that increased surface area improves filtration capacity, reduces pressure drop across the porous media and contributes to increased mass transfer rates.
[0050]It is noted that measurement data of filtration efficiency and gas/liquid mass transfer rate of the various members/elements 12A-12E in a single installation of assembly 10 is desired and planned.
[0051]FIG. 1 shows an example profile of a selectable media grade filter assembly 10. It is noted that the connection ports 17A-17E can be customized for the application (e.g., barb fittings, threaded ports, quick connect, etc.). The barb fittings can be printed as-is, while the other connection options can require post process machining to clean up or make the threads (e.g., on ports 17A-17E).
[0052]In an example embodiment of FIG. 1, the five porous elements 12A-12E can classify as media grade (MG) 1, 10, 20, 40, and/or 80.
[0053]FIG. 7 shows the average nitrogen flow vs inlet pressure (as well as the average bubble point readings in FIG. 8) at each of the five inlets for three selectable media grade filter assemblies. The repeatability between the different assemblies was consistent with what has been observed on other additive manufacturing porous builds. In the cases, inlet #1 did not produce measurable flow data. It was also observed that inlet 2 (MG10) exhibited higher flow permeability vs inlet 3 (MG20). This was counter-intuitive based on media grade (MG) characterization alone. The potential mechanism for observing lower flow permeability with a larger pore size could be in the pore size distribution or overall density. Further optimization of the laser parameters for inlet 3 will likely solve that issue.
[0054]A second example selectable media filter and sparger assembly 100, with altered inlet/member geometries (112A-112E) is shown in FIGS. 4-5. The star-like pattern of members 112A-112E increases the surface area of each porous inlet/member by 2in2, going from 13.83in2 for each respective members 12-12E in assembly 10, to 15.88 in2 in each respective members 112-112E in assembly 100. This allows for increased flow permeability (e.g., lower pressure-drop) behavior without needing to change the media grade of the inlet.
[0055]FIGS. 6A-C are depictions of various bubble sizes produced by selecting different media grades (MG); MG10 (FIG. 6A) creates fine bubble formation, MG20 (FIG. 6B) with medium sized bubbles, and MG80 (FIG. 6C) producing larger bubbles; All tubes had the same flow rate of gas.
[0056]As such, FIGS. 6A-6C shows examples of the various bubble sizes generated by using different media grades within the selectable media filter and sparger assembly. The inlet gas flow was kept constant for each tube. The image in FIG. 6A shows the bubble formation from a MG 10 element. The bubbles in this setting are very fine less than about 0.5 mm. The middle image in FIG. 6B shows a MG20 element producing medium sized bubbles around 1 mm, and the image in FIG. 6C shows a MG80 element producing larger bubbles greater than 1.5 mm.
[0057]FIG. 9 shows a plot of dissolved oxygen (DO) percentage vs time for three of the porous tubes/assemblies. The MG10, MG20 and MG40 tubes/assemblies were submerged in a tank of water at 20° C. and pressurized with gas. The gas pressure was controlled via a regulator to produce a flow rate of 7.5 cubic feet per hour (CFH) for each tube. The pressures required to produce that flow rate differed for each tube/assembly due to the variations in porosity. A dissolved oxygen meter (electrolytic cell type) was used to record dissolved oxygen content and temperature vs time.
[0058]For each test, the tank of water was stripped of O2 by sparging N2 until the dissolved oxygen readings were minimized. The gas source was then switched to air, running until the DO is maximized near 100%. At that point, the gas is switched back to N2, stripping the oxygen back out of the system. Since the gas flow rates are fixed for each tube/assembly, it was proposed that the rates of oxygenation and oxygen stripping are dependant on the media grades producing different bubble sizes and concentrations in the given volume. This allows for fine tuning gas delivery rates based on media grade selection, separate from process gas inputs.
[0059]It was observed that the O2 saturation and depletion rates decrease with increasing media grade ratings. The higher concentration of smaller bubbles in the 10 media grade tube/assembly allow for more efficient gas/liquid mass transfer compared to the larger, more disperse bubbles produced by the larger pore size media grades.
[0060]Several advantages of additive manufacturing include, but are not limited to, the consolidation of multiple components, increased geometric freedom, and the ability to control porosity in specific regions. The selectable media grade filter assembly 10 was created to showcase certain additive manufacturing capabilities with direct ties to applications in filtration, flow control and gas/liquid mass transfer (sparging). It should be noted that the assemblies/parts presented herein are example embodiments. The selectable media grade filter assemblies can be further modified with different surface areas, number of filter elements/ports, element shapes, and media grades for specific/customized applications. Media grade (MG) when listed as MG#, e.g., MG10 represents the nominal pore size of the media in microns. Thus, a MG10 assembly/part would have a nominal pore size of 10 microns within a distribution of smaller and larger pores. The selectable media grade filter assemblies can also be scaled to various sizes. For example, the initial concept assembly is 7.5” tall x 2.75” diameter, while other assemblies have been printed to 3.75” tall x 1.5” diameter and 1.75” tall x 0.75” diameter.
[0061]The ability to have individual ports (17A-17E) to each porous element (12A-12E) allows the use with a multitude of gasses. For example, several elements can be plumbed to N2 while others can be plumbed to O2, allowing for oxygen depletion and saturation control while in-use. Other combinations of gas species can be used that control the rates of certain reactions. Overall, the selectable media grade filter assemblies allow for changing the gas species without interrupting the test system. This is valuable for applications such as bio-reactors, reaction vessels or carbonation tanks. These systems can see higher throughput, more testing iterations, or enable in-situ measurements that were previously not possible with a single element system.
[0062]Similar advantages are realized with the ability to customize the porosity within the elements (12A-12E). Different pore sizes will produce different bubble sizes in a given sparging application. The size of the bubbles impacts the efficiency of the gas/liquid mass transfer. Therefore, using a selectable media grade filter assembly (e.g., assembly 10) with various media grades, allows the user to control the transfer rates by selecting the appropriate media grade for the given application. Employing a selectable media grade filter assembly with different media grade elements also allows for control of filtration levels when used in applications where the flow is reversed (going from sparging to filtration). This enables selective filtering of different particle size ranges within a mixture.
[0063]While particular embodiments have been described, alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents that are or may be presently unforeseen may arise to applicants or others skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims as filed and as they may be amended are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents.
[0064]The ranges disclosed herein are inclusive of the endpoints, and the endpoints are independently combinable with each other (e.g., ranges of “up to 25 wt.%, or, more specifically, 5 wt.% to 20 wt.%”, is inclusive of the endpoints and all intermediate values of the ranges of “5 wt.% to 25 wt.%,” etc.). “Combinations” is inclusive of blends, mixtures, alloys, reaction products, and the like. The terms “first,”“second,” and the like, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The terms “a” and “an” and “the” do not denote a limitation of quantity and are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. “Or” means “and/or” unless clearly stated otherwise. Reference throughout the specification to “some embodiments”, “an embodiment”, and so forth, means that a particular element described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment described herein, and may or may not be present in other embodiments. In addition, it is to be understood that the described elements may be combined in any suitable manner in the various embodiments. A “combination thereof” is open and includes any combination comprising at least one of the listed components or properties optionally together with a like or equivalent component or property not listed.
[0065]Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art to which this application belongs. All cited patents, patent applications, and other references are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. However, if a term in the present application contradicts or conflicts with a term in the incorporated reference, the term from the present application takes precedence over the conflicting term from the incorporated reference.
[0066]Although the systems and methods of the present disclosure have been described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, the present disclosure is not limited to such exemplary embodiments and/or implementations. Rather, the systems and methods of the present disclosure are susceptible to many implementations and applications, as will be readily apparent to persons skilled in the art from the disclosure hereof. The present disclosure expressly encompasses such modifications, enhancements and/or variations of the disclosed embodiments. Since many changes could be made in the above construction and many widely different embodiments of this disclosure could be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the drawings and specification shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. Additional modifications, changes, and substitutions are intended in the foregoing disclosure. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims be construed broadly and in a manner consistent with the scope of the disclosure.