权利要求：
1. A personal protection system, said system including:
a structural support that extends around the head of an individual wearing the system, the structural support assembly configured to support a hood above the head of the wearer;
a hood formed from flexible material that is support around the head of the wearer by said structural support;
a ventilation unit mounted to said structural support, said ventilation unit including a fan capable of drawing air through said hood and at least one nozzle through which air is discharged within the hood; and
a light mounted to said ventilation unit, said light being adapted to emit photonic energy into the air stream that flows through the ventilation unit and to emit light at a wavelength that renders innocuous microorganisms in the air stream that flows through the ventilation unit prior to the discharge of the air stream from the at least one nozzle.
2. The personal protection system of claim 1, wherein:
the ventilation unit includes at least one of an inlet duct through which air is drawn towards the fan or an outlet duct through which air is discharged from the fan through the at least one nozzle; and
said light is mounted in at least one of the inlet duct or the outlet duct.
3. The personal protection system of claim 1, wherein said hood has a filter through which the air is drawn into the hood that is formed of material such that when the air flow through the hood is 425 l/min, the pressure drop across the filter is a maximum of 5 Pascals.
4. The personal protection system of claim 1, wherein said hood is part of a toga.
5. The personal protection system of claim 1, wherein said support structure is a helmet that is worn on the individual wearing the system.
6. A hood for use with a personal protection system, said hood including:
a flexible shell shaped to be fitted over the head of an individual and a ventilation unit worn by the individual the shell being formed from material that forms a barrier from biological contaminants around the individual, the shell having at least one section formed from material through which the ventilation unit can draw air into the shell wherein said shell is formed a barrier fabric formed a first material that defines the majority of the surface area of the shell, the first material having a first insertion loss and the shell is further formed to have at least one opening located around the mouth or ears of the individual and said shell further includes an insert is disposed in the at least one opening, the insert being formed from a second material different from the barrier fabric that has a second insertion loss, the second insertion loss being less than first insertion loss; and
a face shield mounted to said shell through which the individual can look outside of the shell.
7. The hood of claim 6, wherein the materials forming the shell and said insert are selected so that the insertion loss of said insert is at least 8 dB less than the insertion loss of the material forming the shell.
8. The hood of claim 6, further including at least one fastening feature for holding the hood to a support structure that is disposed under the hood.
9. The hood of claim 6, wherein the hood is part of a toga.
10. A personal protection system, said system including:
a structural support that extends around the head of an individual wearing the system, the structural support assembly configured to support a hood above the head of the wearer;
a hood that is disposed around the head and over the structural support, the hood having a flexible shell and a transparent face shield attached to the shell;
a ventilation unit mounted to the structural support (100), the ventilation unit including a fan capable of drawing air through the hood (400) and at least one nozzle (168, 295) through which air is discharged within the hood; and
a light mounted to the structural support and positioned to emit light through said face shield to a location outside of the hood, wherein said light emits light within a defined range of wavelengths; and
said face shield is further formed to have a first section formed from material that allows the transmission of the light at the select wavelength therethrough and a second section formed from material that allows the transmission of visible light and that blocks the transmission of light at the select wavelength and
said hood is mounted to the structural support so the light emitted by the light is directed to pass through the first section of said hood face shield.
11. The personal protection system of claim 10 wherein said face shield consists of: a first lens formed from material that is transparent to the light emitted by the light and a second lens attached to the first lens, the second lens being formed of material that blocks the transmission of the light emitted by the light, the second lens formed to be spaced away from where the light is emitted so the section of the first lens through which the light is emitted is the face shield first section.
12. The personal protection system of claim 11, wherein said second lens is formed to define a slot so the face shield first section is the section of the first lens that is disposed in the slot.
13. The personal protection system of claim 10, wherein said light emits light at wavelengths between 325 and 400 nanometers.
14. The personal protection system of claim 10, wherein: said light is contained in a housing that is spaced inwardly from the hood face shield; and a shell extends forward from the light housing to the hood face shield.
15. The personal protection system of claim 10, wherein said support structure is a helmet shaped to be worn on the head of the individual wearing the system.
16. The personal protection system of claim 10, wherein said hood is part of a toga.
具体实施方式：
I. Overview
[0037]Referring to FIG. 1, a personal protection system 50 is illustrated. Personal protection system 50 includes a head unit, helmet assembly or helmet 100 that is worn on the head of a user and a hood 400 with an integrated face shield 500 this is draped over the helmet. The system 50 creates a sterile barrier between the wearer and an external environment. The personal protection system 50 is useful in many medical environments, but is particularly adapted for use in surgery to protect patients from contamination during surgical procedures and to protect medical professionals from exposure to airborne contaminants and bodily fluids.
[0038]Hood 400 has a distal facing front section 412 and a proximal facing rear section 414. “Distal”, it shall be understood means toward a surgical site that the wearer of personal protection system 50 is facing. “Proximal”, means away from the surgical site that the wearer of personal protection system 50 is facing. Face shield 500 is mounted in distal facing front section 412.
II. Helmet with Ultraviolet Light Positioned in the Air Flow Path
[0039]FIGS. 2-8 illustrate the helmet 100. The helmet 100 is generally adapted from the head units and helmets shown in Applicant's Assignee's U.S. Pat. No. 7,735,156 issued on Jun. 15, 2010, and U.S. Pat. No. 8,282,234 issued on Oct. 9, 2012, the entire contents of which are explicitly incorporated herein by reference.
[0040]The primary difference between the head units or helmets of these documents and the helmet 100 of the present invention is the addition of an ultraviolet light assembly 300 to the helmet 100. Otherwise, the head units or helmets disclosed in these references are suitable for use in the personal protection system 50 of the present invention.
[0041]The helmet 100 includes a support structure 128. The support structure 128 includes an adjustable head band 130 for mounting the helmet 100 to a head of the user. A generally U-shaped chin bar 132 depends downwardly from the head band 130 to define a facial opening 134. The chin bar 132 holds the hood 400 away from the face of the wearer.
[0042]A ventilation assembly 150 is coupled to support structure 128. Ventilation assembly 150 includes a lower shell 200 that faces the wearer, an upper shell 250 facing away from the wearer, an intake cover 280, and a fan 211. Lower shell 200 is attached to support structure 128. The upper shell 250 is attached to the lower shell 200. The upper shell 250 is spaced apart from the lower shell 200 to define at least one air flow channel 192 between the upper and lower shells. The shells 200 and 250 are formed of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polypropylene or other plastic materials.
[0043]Lower shell 200 is formed with several internal features. Lower shell 200 has a front end 202, a back end 203, a convex outer lower surface 204 and a concave inner surface 205. A peripheral side wall 206 extends upwardly away from the outer edges of inner surface 205. A semi-circular scroll housing wall 207 is formed with lower shell 200 and extends generally perpendicularly upwards from inner surface 205. Inner surface 205 and scroll housing wall 207 define a fan cavity 208. A printed circuit board cavity 210 is defined between inner surface 205, the front end 202 of lower shell 200 and a portion of scroll housing wall 207.
[0044]The fan 211 includes a fan motor 212 and fan blades 214. The fan motor 212 is attached to inner surface 205 within scroll housing wall 207. The fan blades 214 are coupled to the fan motor 212 and are disposed in fan cavity 208 slightly spaced from and surrounded by scroll housing wall 207. The fan motor 212 is electrically connected to a fan motor connector 215 that in turn is attached to fan motor cable 216. Fan motor cable 216 is connected to helmet external cable 217. Helmet external cable 217 is connectable with an external power source such as a battery. The rotation of fan motor 212 causes the like rotation of fan blades 214 in order to create a flow of air into personnel protection system 50.
[0045]Four mounting posts 218 are formed with lower shell 200 and extend generally perpendicularly away from inner surface 205. Two of the posts 218 are located at front end 202 and two of the posts 218 are located at back end 203. Mounting posts 218 receive fasteners 219. Fasteners 219, such as self tapping screws, retain upper shell 250 to posts 218 and lower shell 200. Three support arms 220 are formed with lower shell 200 and extend generally perpendicularly away from inner surface 205.
[0046]Upper shell 250 has a front end 252, a back end 253, a concave lower surface 254 and a convex outer surface 255. A peripheral side wall 256 extends downwardly away from the outer edges of surface 254. Fan opening 258 is defined in upper shell 250 and is positioned above fan blades 214. Four holes 259 are defined in upper shell 250. Two of the holes 259 are located toward front end 252 and the other two holes 259 are located toward end 254. Fasteners 219 extend through holes 259 and are received by posts 218 so that upper shell 250 is retained to lower shell 200.
[0047]A raised section 260 is formed with upper shell 250 and extends upwardly from outer surface 255. Raised section 260 is positioned between front end 252 and opening 258. Raised section 260 includes a planar slanted top panel 262 and side walls 263 that extend downwardly from top panel 262 and connect to outer surface 255. The bottom side of top panel 262 and side walls 263 define a recessed area or recess 264 (FIG. 8). Light openings 266 are formed in top panel 262. While six light openings 266 are shown in FIG. 4, more or fewer light openings 266 can be defined in top panel 262. Raised section 260 further includes two diametrically opposed rectangular shaped slots 268 that are formed in side walls 263 and extend into outer surface 255.
[0048]Intake cover 280 is mounted to the upper shell 250. The intake cover 280 is contoured to match the shape of upper shell 250. Intake cover 280 has a front end 282, a back end 283 and a top wall 284 that is spaced from the outer surface 255 of upper shell 250. A peripheral side wall 286 extends downwardly away from the outer edges of top wall 284. The bottom side of top wall 284 and side wall 286 define a chamber 287.
[0049]An intake grid or grill 288 is defined in top wall 284 toward front end 282. Intake grill 288 is formed by a series of parallel rails or slats 290 that extend across an intake opening 292. A series of parallel slits 294 (best seen in FIG. 8) are shaped between the parallel slats 290. Air is drawn into the ventilation assembly 150 through the intake grill 288 by the fan 211. Specifically, air is drawn through slits 294 and into chamber 287 by fan 211.
[0050]Intake cover 280 is mounted over upper shell 250. Retention features 295 such as flexible snap fit tabs are formed with intake cover 280 and extend downwardly away from side wall 286. Retention features 295 fit into and mate with slots 268 of upper shell 250 to hold intake cover 280 to upper shell 250. A duct 298 (FIG. 8) is defined between the bottom side of top wall 284 and the top side of top panel 262. The slits 294, duct 298 and chamber 287 are all connected and contiguous with each other forming a unitary air flow path. Air is drawn through slits 294, duct 298 and chamber 287 by fan 211.
[0051]With continued reference to FIGS. 4 and 6, the ultraviolet light assembly 300 is now described. Ultraviolet light assembly 300 comprises a primary printed circuit board (PCB) 302 and a light emitting diode (LED) printed circuit board (PCB) 350. PCB 302 is generally trapezoidal shaped and has an upper surface 304 and a bottom surface 306. Two diametrically opposed notches 308 are defined in opposite sides of PCB 302. In one embodiment, primary PCB 302 is a multi-layered printed circuit board that has several printed circuit lines 310 (only one of which is shown in FIG. 6).
[0052]Primary PCB 302 is received by printed circuit board cavity 210 of lower shell 200. When primary PCB 302 is positioned in printed circuit board cavity 210, posts 220 extend through holes in primary PCB 302. With primary PCB 302 in printed circuit board cavity 210, the ends of posts 220 are heated and melted to form a heat stake 221 that extends over upper surface 304. Heat stake 221 holds primary PCB 302 to lower shell 200.
[0053]Electronic components are mounted to both the upper surface 304 and bottom surface 306 of primary PCB 302 and are interconnected by printed circuit lines 310. In an illustrative embodiment, a fan motor driver circuit 318 is mounted to bottom surface 306. Fan motor driver circuit 318 is communicatively coupled to fan motor 212 via a connector receiving unit 320. Connector receiving unit 320 is attached to the top surface 304 of primary PCB 302. The fan motor driver circuit 318 controls the operation of fan motor 212 including the rotational speed of fan blades 214.
[0054]Connector receiving unit 320 mates with connector insertion unit 326 to form one or more electrical connections. Connector insertion unit 326 is attached to PCB cable 324. PCB cable 324 is retained to lower housing 200 and is connected to and in communication with fan motor cable 216 and external cable 217.
[0055]LED PCB 350 has a top side 352 and a bottom side 354. LED PCB 350 includes several printed circuit lines (not shown) that interconnect the electronic components mounted to LED PCB 350. The bottom side 354 of LED PCB 350 is electrically connected to the top side 304 of primary PCB 302 by suitable electronic assembly techniques such as soldering or wire bonding.
[0056]Six ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UVLED) 360 are mounted to the top side 352 of LED PCB 350. While six UVLEDS are utilized in the present example, more or fewer of UVLED 360 can be used. UVLED 360 are mounted to the top side 352 by suitable electronic assembly techniques such as soldering. Suitable ultraviolet light emitting diodes 360 are commercially available as model number LZ-100U600 from LED ENGIN Corporation having offices in San Jose, Calif.
[0057]In one embodiment, an LED driver circuit 358 is mounted to top surface 306 and is electrically connected to UVLEDS 360. LED driver circuit 358 functions to operate UVLEDS 360 supplying the required power and current levels. In one embodiment, LED driver circuit 358 supplies a constant current to UVLEDS 360 as the battery voltage drops preventing dimming of UVLEDS 360.
[0058]During assembly, upper shell 250 is mounted over primary PCB 302 and LED PCB 350 such that top panel 262 covers primary PCB 302 and LED PCB 350. PCB 302 and LED PCB 350 are disposed in recess 264. UVLEDS 360 extend through openings 266 and face into duct 298 (see FIG. 8). UVLEDS 360 are positioned below intake grid 288 and face slats 292 and slits 294.
[0059]Each ultraviolet light emitting diode 360 emits light in the ultraviolet frequency spectrum. Specifically, UVLED 360 emits ultraviolet (UV) light having wavelengths between 325 and 400 nanometers. Exposure to UV light can destroy or kill various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, biological cells and fungal spores.
[0060]Turning to FIGS. 4, and 8, helmet 100 further comprises a nozzle assembly 160 that is attached to ventilation assembly 150. After upper shell 250 is mated with lower shell 200, a substantially rectangular shaped opening 240 is formed between front end 252 of upper shell 250 and front end 202 of lower shell 200. Nozzle assembly 160 includes a flexible elastomeric bellows 162 and a discharge nozzle 168. Bellows 162 expands and contracts and has an internal conduit 163.
[0061]The conduit 163, sometimes referred to as a duct, carries forced air from fan 211 to discharge nozzle 168. Bellows 162 has an upper end 164 that is connected to shell ends 240 and 252 such that conduit 163 is contiguous with opening 240. The lower end 165 of bellows 162 is coupled to discharge nozzle 168. Discharge nozzle 168 has an outlet 169. Air from fan 211 is discharged through outlet 169.
[0062]Helmet 100 also includes a rear nozzle, nozzle 195. Nozzle 195 is mounted to the headband so as to be directed towards the neck of the wearer. A rear bellows 197 extends from the rear end of the lower and upper shells 200 and 250, respectively. The bellows 197 defines the conduit, the duct, through which air discharged by the fan is flowed to the rear nozzle 195.
[0063]In operation, the fan motor 212 rotates the fan blades 214 to draw air through slits 294, duct 298, and chamber 287 into fan 211. The air is discharged from fan 211 through channel 192 (FIG. 6), opening 240, conduit 163, exiting at discharge nozzle opening 169 (FIG. 4). Slits 294, duct 298, chamber 287, channel 192 opening 240, conduit 163 and discharge nozzle opening 169 all form a continuous air flow path 194. The air flowing through discharge opening 169 is directed toward the user's head and face providing fresh purified air to the user. A fraction of the air forced through the ventilation assembly also through the rear bellows 197. This air is flows through and discharged from the rear nozzle 195.
[0064]Because UVLEDS 360 (FIG. 8) are positioned below intake grid 288 and face slits 294 and face into duct 298, the incoming air to the helmet 100 is exposed to ultraviolet light generated by UVLEDS 360. Micro-organisms entrained with the incoming air are subjected to UV light exposure causing the micro-organisms to be rendered harmless or innocuous. Collectively, the components forming helmet 100 are designed so that the air drawn into the system 50 and discharged through the outlet ducts is exposed to UV light for a time period of at least 0.05 seconds, more ideally, at least 0.1 seconds and more ideally still at least 0.25 seconds. By way of example, exposing the air stream containing the influenza A virus to UV light using the above-described configuration of the invention for at least 0.1 second is believed to render at least at least 50% of the viruses innocuous. Exposing the air stream containing the influenza A virus to UV light using the above-described configuration of the invention for at least 0.25 seconds is believed to render at least at least 99% of the viruses innocuous.
[0065]Owing to the use of UV light assembly 300 and UVLEDS 360, the filter section 430 (FIG. 10) of hood 400 (FIG. 10) can be formed from a less restrictive filter material than would otherwise be required to purify incoming air to personal protection system 50. When UVLEDS 360 are used, filter section 430 has a higher air flow transmission rate because the ultraviolet light functions to eliminate pathogens in the incoming air that were able to pass through filter section 430.
[0066]With the light assembly 300 and UVLEDS 360 positioned in the flow of incoming air, the flowing air removes heat generated by light assembly 300. This air is exhausted out of hood 400 (FIG. 10), reducing the buildup of heated air adjacent the light assembly 300 and improving comfort of the user of personal protection system 50.
[0067]FIG. 9 illustrates electrical circuits for fan motor 212 and UVLEDS 360. A battery 390 provides electric power to both fan motor 212 and light assembly 300. Battery 390 can be either a rechargeable battery or non-rechargeable (i.e. disposable) battery. In one embodiment, battery 390 is a 6 volt DC battery. The battery 390 is worn by the user on a belt or clipped to clothing and is attached to external cable 217 (FIG. 2) in order to supply power to helmet 100.
[0068]Battery 390 is connected to a power supply circuit including a 3.3 volt voltage regulator circuit 392. Voltage regulator circuit 392 is connected to fan control circuit 318, which in turn is connected to fan motor 212 via cable 216 (FIG. 6). Voltage regulator 392 applies a constant 3.3 volts to fan control circuit 318 for energizing the control circuit. Fan control circuit 318 drives fan motor 212. Fan control circuit 318 controls the rotational speed of fan 211. A switch button (not shown) can be mounted to helmet 100 to turn fan 211 on and off.
[0069]Battery 390 is also connected to a 4.1 volt voltage regulator 394. Voltage regulator 394 is connected to the LED driver 358, which in turn is connected to UVLEDS 360 through PCBS 302 and 350 (FIG. 6). Voltage regulator 394 applies a constant 4.1 volts to LED driver circuit 358 for energizing the UVLEDS 360. LED driver circuit 358 drives UVLEDS 360. LED driver circuit 358 turns UVLEDS 360 on an off. In one embodiment, UVLEDS 360 are turned on whenever fan 211 is operating. In another embodiment, a switch button (not shown) allows a user to selectively turn UVLEDS 360 on and off.
[0070]Voltage regulator circuits 392 and 394, fan control circuit 318 and LED driver circuit 358 are all mounted to primary PCB 302 (FIG. 6). Primary PCB 302 is electrically connected to battery 390 via connector 326, 320, PCB cable 324 and external cable 217.
III. Hood and Shell with Improved Sound Transmission
[0071]Referring to FIGS. 10-12, the hood 400 is shown. FIG. 11 illustrates an outside view of the hood 400, while FIG. 10 shows the hood 400 in a position turned inside out depicting the interior of hood 400. In the illustrated version of the invention the hood is formed to not extend beyond the shoulders of the individual wearing the system 50. In one embodiment, the hood is a hood 400 that drapes over the helmet 100 and terminates just over the wearer's shoulders. In another embodiment, the hood 400 is part of a toga. A toga is a garment with covers at least the chest and arms of the individual wearing the personal protection system 50. Often a toga is designed to extend to at least the knees of the person wearing the toga.
[0072]The hood 400 includes a flexible shell 410. Shell 410 is formed from a barrier fabric such as a multi-laminate nonwoven material comprised of polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyester, or any combination thereof. More specifically, the material from which the shell 410 is formed is material that prevents fluids and particulate from passing therethrough. Shell 410 has a distal facing front section 412, a proximal facing rear section 414, side sections 416, a top 418 and a bottom 420. Shell 410 includes an outer surface 422, an interior surface 424 and an interior space 426 that is defined by interior surface 424. An oval shaped filter opening 428 is defined in the top 418 of the shell and a face shield opening 440 is defined in the front 412 of the shell.
[0073]A filter section 430 is mounted over opening 428 and is attached to shell 410 at the edges of opening 428. In one embodiment, filter section 430 is attached to shell 410 by sewing techniques using thread to form a seam 432. In another embodiment, filter section 430 is attached to the shell 410 by an adhesive. Filter section 430 slightly overlaps shell 410 onto interior surface 424. Intake cover 280 (see FIG. 4) spaces the filter section 430 out away from the ventilation assembly 150.
[0074]Due to the use of UV light assembly 300 (FIG. 4) and UVLEDS 360 (FIG. 4), filter section 430 is formed from a less restrictive filter material than would otherwise be required to purify incoming air to personal protection system 50. Filter 430 is formed from a medium such as a meltblown or triboelectret nonwoven fabric having porosity suitable for filtering particles of 0.1 microns or greater from air entering the shell 410 from the external environment. This fabric is less restrictive than the fabric from which filters for conventional hoods are formed. Owing to the relatively less restrictive nature of the material forming filter 430, system 50 does not require the same relatively high vacuum draw to pull the same volume of air into the hood as a system with hood having a conventional filter section.
[0075]Thus in a version of the invention in which the air flow across filter 430 is at rate of 425 l/min, the pressure drop across the filter is typically a maximum of 5 Pascals and more often a maximum of 3 Pascals. In comparison, the pressure drop across a filter of a conventional personal protection system at the above air flow rate is at least 10 Pascals
[0076]The less restrictive filter section 430 allows for a lower speed fan to be used in helmet 100. while still providing the same volume of air flow. A lower speed fan is quieter and more comfortable environment for the wearer than the fans of the conventional personal protection systems.
[0077]Turning to FIG. 14, a cross section of an alternative filter 490 is shown. Filter 490 is similar to filter 430. Filter 490 further includes activated charcoal particles 498 embedded into the nonwoven filter medium 496. Filter section 490 includes a top surface 492 and a bottom surface 494. Activated charcoal particles 498 are embedded between top surface 492 and bottom surface 494 within the nonwoven filter medium material 496.
[0078]The filter medium 496 is the same material from which filter 490 is formed and can have the same porosity. The embedded activated charcoal particles 498 trap smoke and odors in the air generated during normal surgical activities such as tissue cauterization.
[0079]A flexible and transparent face shield 500 permits the user to see or view through the hood 400. As shown in FIG. 1, the face shield 500 is mounted to distal facing front section 412 such that the face shield 500 covers the facial opening 134 of the helmet 100 after the user dresses into the personal protection system 50. The facial opening 134 of the helmet 100 receives the face shield 500.
[0080]Referring specifically to FIGS. 10-12, the face shield 500 includes a top portion 502, a bottom portion 504, an outer peripheral edge 506 and a sealing perimeter 508. Face shield 500 further has a distal facing outer surface 512 and a proximal facing interior surface 514. The top portion 502 defines the top one-half of the face shield 500 and the bottom portion 504 defines the bottom one-half.
[0081]Face shield 500 is mounted over opening 440 slightly overlapping inside surface 424. The shell 410 is sealed to the face shield 500 on an outside surface 512 of the face shield 500 along the sealing perimeter 508. The shell 410 can be sealed to the face shield 500 by suitable means such as using an adhesive or by welding. The face shield 500 is preferably formed of a sterilizable material. In one embodiment, the face shield 500 is formed of Lexan® 8010 having a thickness of approximately 15 mils.
[0082]An upper mounting element 520 is disposed on the face shield 500 along the top portion 502. The upper mounting element 520 is centered on the face shield 500 along the top portion 502. The upper mounting element 520 is a rectangular shaped aperture 522 defined through the face shield 500. The upper mounting element 520 is configured for fastening to an upper mounting device 184 (FIG. 2) included on the helmet 100. The upper mounting device 184 is centered on the helmet 100 relative to the facial opening 134. The upper mounting device 184 is a single mounting clip 186 (FIG. 2) connected to the helmet 100, and that is positioned in a centered relationship relative to the facial opening 134.
[0083]As best shown in FIG. 2, the mounting clip 186 extends upwardly from a front nozzle assembly 160 of the helmet 100 away from the facial opening 134 to support the face shield 500. The mounting clip 186 includes a distal edge 190 extending outwardly from the nozzle assembly 160 such that a portion of the face shield 500 rests between the distal edge 190 and the nozzle assembly 160 after the face shield 500 is mounted to the mounting clip 186. The mounting clip 186 interlocks with the aperture 522 on the face shield 500 to automatically center the face shield 500 over the facial opening 134. Specifically, the mounting clip 186 protrudes through aperture 522 when mounting the face shield 500 to the helmet 100.
[0084]Turning to FIGS. 2, and 10-12, two lower mounting elements 530 are disposed on the face shield 500 along the bottom portion 504 inner surface 514 and facing in a proximal direction. The lower mounting elements 530 are magnets or are formed of magnetically attractive material. In one embodiment, the lower mounting elements 530 are steel rivets mounted to face shield 500. The lower mounting elements 530 are configured to fasten to lower mounting devices 170 on the chin bar 132 of the helmet 100 to secure the bottom portion 504 of the face shield 100 to the chin bar 132. The lower mounting devices 170 are preferably magnets or are formed of magnetically attractive material configured to attract the lower mounting elements 530.
[0085]Mounting elements 522 and 530 are preferably mounted along an outer portion 536 of the face shield 500. The outer portion 536 is defined between the outer peripheral edge506 the face shield 60 and the sealing perimeter 508. As a result, when the shell 410 is glued or adhered to the face shield 500 along the sealing perimeter 508, the upper 520 and lower 530 mounting elements are hidden beneath the shell 410, out of view from an external perspective.
[0086]With reference to FIG. 1, hood 400 further includes passive communication aids to assist the wearer in communicating with others in the vicinity. Hood 400 has a pair of diametrically opposed sound transmission inserts 450 to allow the wearer of hood 400 to more easily hear sounds generated external to hood 400. Inserts 450 are positioned to be adjacent the ears of the wearer. A sound transmission insert 460 facilitates the transmission of speech (sound waves) generated by the wearer to the space outside of the hood 400. Insert 460 is positioned to be in front of the mouth of the wearer. Sound waves are transmitted with less distortion, a smaller insertion loss, through ear sound inserts 450460 than through the fabric forming the shell 410 of the hood.
[0087]Ear and mouth sound transmission inserts allow a wearer of shell 410 to readily communicate with other personnel who are also wearing personal protection system 50. The use of ear and mouth sound transmission inserts 450, 460 can eliminate the need for active communication aids such as radios by the wearer.
[0088]As seen in FIGS. 10-12, a pair of diametrically opposed, generally round openings 452 are formed in side sections 416 of shell 410. Each opening is adjacent where the shell is located adjacent an ear. Openings 452 extend entirely through side sections 416. Each transmission insert 450 includes an outer circumferential or perimeter edge 456. The ear sound transmission insert 450 is mounted over opening 452 in a slightly overlapping relationship to inside surface 424. The insert 450 is sealed to shell side sections 416 along perimeter edge 456. Inserts 450 are sealed to shell 410 by suitable means such as by adhesive bonding, ultrasonic welding, heat sealing or by sewing.
[0089]Each insert 450 has a height H, defined within the opening 452, of at least 5 cm and a width W, perpendicular to the height H, defined within the opening 452 of at least 5 cm. In particular, the width W provides a suitable listening area for the wearer to hear activities occurring to the front, side and back of the wearer.
[0090]A generally oval or oblong shaped mouth opening 462 is formed in the distal front section 412 of shell 410. Mouth opening 462 extends through front section 412 of shell 410. Insert 460 includes an outer peripheral edge 466. The mouth sound transmission insert 460 is mounted over opening 462 in a slightly overlapping relationship to inside surface 424. The mouth sound transmission insert 460 is sealed to shell front section 412 along peripheral edge 466. The mouth sound transmission insert 460 is sealed to shell 410 by the same means by which the inserts 450 are mounted to the shell.
[0091]The mouth sound transmission insert 460 has a height H, defined within the opening 462, of at least 10 cm and a width W, perpendicular to the height H, defined within the opening 462 of at least 5 cm. In particular, the width W provides a suitable area for the sound waves generated by the wearer to pass through the hood 400.
[0092]Inserts 450 and 460 are formed of material that is relatively permeable to the transmission of sound waves. In one embodiment, inserts 450 and 460 are formed from a meltblown nonwoven material such as polypropylene. The material from which the inserts 450 and 460 is formed is also selected so as to form a barrier that would prevent the penetration of liquid state contaminates through the hood.
[0093]FIG. 13 illustrates a graph 560 of sound insertion loss versus frequency for several different materials used in hood 400. Graph 560 compares the sound transmission of the different materials used in hood 400. The frequency range for human speech (i.e. the frequencies heard by the ear) is defined as between 85 to 3400 Hertz. Graph 560 illustrates the insertion loss in decibels (dB) over the frequency range of 0 to 3500 Hertz. Graph 560 illustrates actual sound loss measurements through the specific materials tested. The insertion losses shown in FIG. 13 were generated using the ASTM Test Method No. WK5285.
[0094]Graph 560 includes a face shield insertion loss 562 corresponding to the material forming face shield 500 and a shell insertion loss 564 corresponding to the nonwoven laminate with a polyethylene film material that forms shell 410. Graph 560 also shows an insert insertion loss 566 corresponding to the meltblown nonwoven material that forms inserts 450 and insert 460 and a background baseline insertion loss 568.
[0095]Face shield 500 has a maximum insertion loss 562 of 25 dB over the tested frequency range. Shell 410 has a maximum insertion loss 564 of 12 dB over the tested frequency range. Ear sound transmission inserts 450 and mouth sound transmission insert 460 has a maximum insertion loss 566 of 6 dB over the tested frequency range.
[0096]The use of ear sound transmission inserts 450 and mouth sound transmission insert 460 causes an appreciable increase in the sound level transmitted through personal protection system 50 and hood 400. Ear sound transmission inserts 450 appreciably improve the hearing of the wearer and mouth sound transmission insert 460 appreciably improves the comprehension of speech spoken by the wearer of hood 400.
IV. Helmet with Ultraviolet Inspection Light
[0097]Referring to FIG. 15, a personal protection system 600 is illustrated. Personal protection system 600 includes a helmet 100 that is worn on the head of a user and a hood 650 with an integrated face shield 700 that is draped over the helmet 100. An ultraviolet inspection light assembly 800 is attached to the helmet 100 and located under the hood 650. The personal protection system 600 creates a sterile barrier between the wearer and an external environment.
[0098]The personal protection system 600 is useful in many medical environments. System 600 is particularly adapted for use in a sterile processing department to protect technicians from contact with pathogens and medical waste during cleaning processes for medical/surgical instruments 610. The ultraviolet inspection light assembly 800 is used during cleaning and inspection of medical/surgical instruments 610 to aid in the detection of adhered tissue 615 and body fluids are attached to the instruments 610. Because tissue and body fluids fluoresce under applied ultraviolet light 620, a technician using ultraviolet inspection light assembly 800 can readily detect the presence of adhered tissue and body fluids 615.
[0099]Turning to FIGS. 16-18, details of personal protection system 600 will now be described. The ultraviolet inspection light assembly 800 is mounted to the front of helmet 100. Helmet 100 is the same as preciously described in FIGS. 2-8. Front nozzle assembly 160 further includes a pedestal 180 that is mounted between discharge nozzle 168 and head band 130. Pedestal 180 supports and spaces discharge nozzle 168 from the head of the wearer.
[0100]Ultraviolet inspection light assembly 800 comprises a light angle adjustment mechanism 810, a light housing 860, ultraviolet light emitting diodes 870 and a shell 880. Light angle adjustment mechanism 810 allows the user to change the direction of the beam of ultraviolet light 620 (FIG. 15) so it can be directed to a specific location.
[0101]Light angle adjustment mechanism 810 includes a bracket 812, a collar 822 and a control lever 840. Bracket 812 has a base 813. Two spaced apart parallel legs 814 are integrally formed with base 813 and extend perpendicularly away from base 813. A slot 816 is defined between legs 814. Holes 817 extend th