权利要求：
Claims
1. A combustion chamber comprising an upstream end wall, at least one annular wall, at least one fuel injector and at least one seal, the at least one annular wall being secured to the upstream end wall, the upstream end wall having at least one aperture, each fuel injector being arranged in a corresponding one of the apertures in the upstream end wall, each seal being arranged in a corresponding one of the apertures in the upstream end wall and around the corresponding one of the fuel injectors, each seal having an upstream end, a downstream end, an inner surface facing the corresponding one of the fuel injectors and an outer surface facing away from the corresponding one of the fuel injectors, each seal abutting the corresponding one of the fuel injectors, the downstream end of each seal increasing in diameter in a downstream direction, the downstream end of each seal being arranged at an angle greater than 0° and less than 50° to the axis of the seal, the downstream end of each seal having a plurality of circumferentially spaced teeth, the teeth at the downstream end of each seal extending radially outwardly and axially away from the upstream end of the seal.
2. A combustion chamber as claimed in claim 1 wherein the downstream end of each seal being arranged at an angle less than 45° to the axis of the seal.
3. A combustion chamber as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the downstream end of each seal being arranged at an angle less than 40° to the axis of the seal.
4. A combustion chamber as claimed in claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3 wherein the downstream end of each seal being arranged at an angle less than 30° to the axis of the seal
5. A combustion chamber as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4 wherein the downstream end of each seal may be arranged at an angle less than 20° to the axis of the seal.
6. A combustion chamber as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 wherein the downstream end of each seal being arranged at an angle less than 10° to the axis of the seal.
/. A combustion chamber as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6 wherein the teeth not being angled.
8. A combustion chamber as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6 wherein the teeth being angled with a tangential, or circumferential, component.
9. A combustion chamber as claimed in claim 8 wherein the teeth being angled with a tangential, or circumferential, component between and including 20° and 60°
10. A combustion chamber as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9 wherein he downstream end of each seal being arcuate.
11. A combustion chamber as claimed in any of claims 1 to 10 wherein each seal having a plurality of coolant apertures extending there-through, each coolant aperture having an inlet in the inner surface and an outlet in the outer surface of the seal, the coolant apertures being arranged upstream of the downstream end of the seal, the outlet of each coolant aperture being axially spaced in a downstream direction from its inlet, the outlet of each coolant aperture being radially spaced from its inlet.
12. A combustion chamber as claimed in any of claims 1 to 11 wherein each seal having a first portion, a second portion and a third portion, the second portion abutting the corresponding one of the fuel injectors, the third portion being arranged at the downstream end of the seal, the third portion increasing in diameter in a downstream direction, the first portion being arranged upstream of the second portion, the first portion having a plurality of coolant apertures extending there-through, the coolant apertures extending through the first portion with axial and radial components.
13. A combustion chamber as claimed in claim 12 wherein each seal comprising a substantially cylindrical first portion, a substantially cylindrical second portion and a frustoconical third portion or a bell mouth third portion.
14. A combustion chamber as claimed in claim 13 wherein the first portion of each seal having an inner diameter greater than the inner diameter of the second portion of that seal.
15. A combustion chamber as claimed in claim 12, claim 13 or claim 14 wherein the axes of the coolant apertures in first portion of each seal being arranged to intersect the third portion of the seal to direct coolant onto the third portion of the seal.
16. A combustion chamber as claimed in any of claims 12 to 15 wherein the third portion of each seal having a plurality of circumferentially spaced radially and axially extending teeth at its downstream end at the maximum diameter of the third portion.
17. A combustion chamber as claimed in any of claims 12 to 16 wherein each seal comprising a fourth portion, the fourth portion of each seal being secured to the upstream end wall such that the seal may move radially with respect to the axis of the corresponding aperture in the upstream end wall.
18. A combustion chamber as claimed in any of claims 1 to 17 wherein each seal being circular in cross-section.
19. A combustion chamber as claimed in any of claims 1 to 18 wherein the combustion chamber being an annular combustion chamber comprising an annular upstream end wall, a radially inner annular wall, a radially outer annular wall, a plurality of fuel injectors and a plurality of seals and the annular upstream end wall having a plurality of apertures.
20. A combustion chamber as claimed in any of claims 1 to 19 wherein the fuel injector being a rich burn fuel injector or a lean burn fuel injector.
21. A combustion chamber as claimed in any of claims 1 to 20 wherein the combustion chamber being a gas turbine engine combustion chamber.
22. A combustion chamber as claimed in claim 21 wherein the gas turbine engine being an industrial gas turbine engine, an automotive gas turbine engine, a marine gas turbine engine or an aero gas turbine engine.
23. A combustion chamber as claimed in claim 22 wherein the aero gas turbine engine being a turbofan gas turbine engine, a turbojet gas turbine engine, a turbo-propeller gas turbine engine or a turbo-shaft gas turbine engine.
24. A combustion chamber fuel injector seal having a downstream end, the downstream end of the seal increasing in diameter in a downstream direction, the seal having an upstream end, a downstream end, an inner surface facing the fuel injector and an outer surface facing away from the fuel injector, each seal being arranged to abut the fuel injector, the downstream end of the seal increasing in diameter in a downstream direction, the downstream end of the seal being arranged at an angle greater than 0° and less than 50° to the axis of the seal, the downstream end of the seal having a plurality of circumferentially spaced teeth, the teeth at the downstream end of the seal extending radially outwardly and axially away from the upstream end of the seal.
25. A combustion chamber fuel injector seal as claimed in claim 24 wherein the downstream end of the seal being arranged at an angle less than 45° to the axis of the seal.
26. A combustion chamber fuel injector seal as claimed in claim 24 or claim 25 wherein the downstream end of the seal being arranged at an angle less than 40° to the axis of the seal.
27. A combustion chamber fuel injector seal as claimed in claim 24, claim 25 or claim 26 wherein the downstream end of the seal being arranged at an angle less than 30° to the axis of the seal.
28. A combustion chamber fuel injector seal as claimed in claim 24, claim 25, claim 26 or claim 27 wherein the downstream end of the seal being arranged at an angle less than 20° to the axis of the seal.
29. A combustion chamber fuel injector seal as claimed in claim 24, claim 25, claim 26, claim 27 or claim 28 wherein the downstream end of the seal being arranged at an angle less than 10° to the axis of the seal.
30. A combustion chamber fuel injector seal as claimed in any of claims 24 to 29 wherein the teeth not being angled.
31. A combustion chamber fuel injector seal as claimed in any of claims 24 to claim 29 wherein he teeth being angled with a tangential, or circumferential, component.
32. A combustion chamber fuel injector seal as claimed in claim 31 wherein the teeth being angled with a tangential, or circumferential, component between and including 20° and 60°.
33. A combustion chamber fuel injector seal as claimed in any of claims 24 to claim 32 wherein the downstream end of the seal being arcuate.
34. A combustion chamber fuel injector seal as claimed in any of claims 24 to 33 wherein the seal having a plurality of coolant apertures extending there- through, each coolant aperture having an inlet in the inner surface and an outlet in the outer surface of the seal, the coolant apertures being arranged upstream of the downstream end of the seal, the outlet of each coolant aperture being axially spaced in a downstream direction from its inlet, the outlet of each coolant aperture being radially spaced from its inlet.
35. A combustion chamber fuel injector seal as claimed in any of claims 24 to 34 wherein the seal having a first portion, a second portion and a third portion, the second portion being arranged to abut the fuel injector, the third portion being arranged at the downstream end of the seal, the third portion increasing in
diameter in a downstream direction, the first portion being arranged upstream of the second portion, the first portion having a plurality of coolant apertures extending there-through, the coolant apertures extending through the first portion with axial and radial components.
36. A combustion chamber fuel injector seal as claimed in claim 35 wherein the seal comprising a substantially cylindrical first portion, a substantially cylindrical second portion and a frustoconical third portion or a bell mouth third portion.
37. A combustion chamber fuel injector seal as claimed in claim 35 or claim 36 wherein the first portion of the seal having an inner diameter greater than the inner diameter of the second portion of the seal.
38. A combustion chamber fuel injector seal as claimed in claim 35, claim 36 or claim 37 wherein the axes of the coolant apertures in first portion of the seal being arranged to intersect the third portion of the seal to direct coolant onto the third portion of the seal.
39. A combustion chamber fuel injector seal as claimed in claim 35, claim 36, claim 37 or claim 38 wherein the third portion of the seal having a plurality of circumferentially spaced radially and axially extending teeth at its downstream end at the maximum diameter of the third portion.
40. A combustion chamber fuel injector seal as claimed in any of claims 24 to 34 wherein the seal comprising a fourth portion, the fourth portion of the seal being securable to an upstream end wall such that the seal may move radially with respect to the axis of an aperture in the upstream end wall.
41. A combustion chamber fuel injector seal as claimed in any of claims 24 to 40 wherein the seal being circular in cross-section