摘要：
A gas turbine burner has an oxidizer port Fig 1, 1 located in the center of a burner head, surrounded by a plurality of fuel ports Fig 1, 2. The jets are angled toward the central oxidizer port(s) 20 therefore the fuel jets impinge directly on the air 10 flowing up through the central oxidizer jet(s), to produce fuel/oxidizer mixing. A porous media 9 may be inserted inside the air or fuel jets to promote turbulent flow. Swirlers can be inserted inside the oxidizer port(s) and/or fuel port(s) or slot(s), to control flame stability and structure. Air 8 surrounding the outside of the burner may become entrained and passes up the outside of the burner 7 to the flame. Burners may be arranged in arrays Fig 8. A central air jet may be surrounded by fuel jet which in turn may be surrounded by a further air jet Fig 7, 15, 16, 17 respectively. The device is intended to promote low NOX creation, a stable flame and reduce blow back.
权利要求：
Claims
1. A Direct Impingement Inverse Diffusion Flame Burner (DIIDF Burner) is characterized with the direct impingement of the surrounding fuel jets on the central oxidizer jet or jets, where fuel jets exit each individual port or a ring of slot, with an angle to the central oxidizer jet or jets, and finally impinge on it or them, causing intense turbulent mixing of fuel and oxidizer, resulting in a well-mixed fuel /oxidizer mixture, and thus produces a premixed flame jet downstream. Therefore, the flame is a diffusion flame in essence, but has a premixed flame structure. For flames in the open area, the fuel jets are designed in such a way that the ambient air will be entrained into the fuel jets along the way from burner outlet to the points where they impinge on the central oxidizer jets, so that this diffusion flame is blue. In an enclosed combustor where ambient air is not available, the fuel jets could be surrounded by auxiliary oxidizer jets (AQ), with small amount of oxidizer flow rate. These surrounding oxidizer jets are designed in such a way that they will be entrained into the fuel jets after being issued, and forming a blue diffusion flame. Therefore, it has the advantages of both the premixed and the diffusion flames, with enhanced flame stability, no danger of flame flash back, as encountered in the diffusion flame, and less or no soot emission and short flame and higher heat release rate, as encountered in the premixed flame. Therefore, it is a desired substitute to premixed flame, especially lean premixed flame, where flame stability and flash back could be major problems, for example, in gas turbine industry;
2. With this DIIDF Burner according to Claim 1, the central oxidizer port could be one single port or a cluster of smaller oxidizer ports, with any regular or irregular shapes and sizes, to control the physical, thermal, and emission characteristics of the flame, for a specific application of the bumer;
3. With this DIIDF Burner according to Claim 1, the central oxidizer jet or jets could be either straight flow without any swirler inserted inside the flow passage, or a swiding flow with a swirler inserted in the flow passage, fully or partly, to control flame structure;
4, With this DIIDF Burner according to Claim 1, the central oxidizer jet(s) could be of any type, whether it is a single oxidizer, or a mixture of several different oxidizers, including air, oxygen, hydrogen, and oxygen-rich combustion exhaust gas, etc.;
5. With this DIIDF Burner according to Claim 1, the surrounding fuel ports could be in one array, or in multiple arrays. The fuel port could be of any shape and size, to control the physical, thermal, and emission characteristics of the flame, under a certain type of central oxidizer port or oxidizer ports, for a specific application;
6. With this DIIDF Burner according to Claim 1, a porous media flow controller manufactured with conventional manufacturing or additive manufacturing (AM) can also be inserted inside the fuel ports, to make each fuel jet flow to be uniform, and contributing to the uniform fuel/oxidizer mixing when fuel jets impinge on the oxidizer jet(s). T his porous media
can also be inserted into the central oxidizer port(s), to produce a uniform oxidizer jet flow. These porous medias can be filled either fully or partly inside the fuel and/or oxidizer ports, to control the pressure drop and flame structure;
7. With this DIIDF Bumer according to Claim 1, these porous medias can be of any type of structure, regular or irregular, which is determined by the optimization process in each specific burner application;
8. With this DIIDF Burner according to Claim 1, the surrounding fuel jet(s) could be either straight flow without any swirler inserted inside the flow passage, or a swirling flow with a swirler inserted in the flow passage, fully or partly, to control flame structure, for a specific application;
9. With this DIIDF Burner according to Claim 1, the fuel could be of any type, whether it is a single fuel type, or a mixture of several different fuels.
10. With this DIIDF Burner according to Claim 1, the AQ] port could be one single port or a cluster of smaller oxidizer ports, with any regular or irregular shapes and sizes, to ensure a proper entrainment to the fuel jet(s), thus forming a blue diffusion flame below the premixed flame jet;
11. With this DIIDF Burner according to Claim 1, the AQ) could be either straight flow without any swirler inserted inside the flow passage, or a swirling flow with a swirler inserted in the flow passage, fully or partly, to control flame structure;
12. With this DIIDF Burner according to Claim 1, the AOJ could be of any type, whether it is a single oxidizer, or a mixture of several different oxidizers, including oxidizer, oxygen, hydrogen, and oxygen-rich combustion exhaust gas, etc.