摘要：
The invention discloses an element, a manufacturing method and equipment for it, and a use of the element, the element comprising an electrically conductive filmy structure formed of at least one film material for producing a thermal effect in the filmy structure with the help of an electric current.
技术功效语段：
[0048]An object of the invention is to introduce a surface treatment apparatus by means of which it is possible to solve the problems associated with the prior art or at least alleviate them. Another object of the invention is to introduce a method, apparatus and/or arrangement for coating an object more efficiently and with a better-quality surface than is known according to the prior art at the priority date of the present application. Yet another object of the invention is to introduce a three-dimensional printing unit implementable with the help of a technique in which an object is repeatedly coated using a surface treatment apparatus more efficiently and with a better surface than can be done in the prior art at the priority date of the present application. The objects of the invention are associated with the following aims as follows:
[0052]A fourth aim of the invention is to produce at least a new method and/or related means for solving the problem of how to achieve, using high-quality plasma, a coating with good adhesion properties for adherence to a substrate in such a manner that wasting of kinetic energy on particulate fragments is diminished by restricting the occurrence of fragments or limiting their size so as to be smaller than the ablation depth. At the same time fragments, due to their absence, will not generate cool surfaces which could affect the homogeneity of the plasma jet through nucleation and condensation. Additionally, according to the fourth aim, the energy of the radiation is efficiently converted into plasma energy when the impact area of the heating is minimized when advantageously using short radiation pulses, i.e. picosecond-range pulses or shorter in duration, and a certain pulse interval between two consecutive pulses.
[0058]When using the surface treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention, the removal of material from the surface treated and/or the yield for coating can be raised to a level required of high-quality coating and, what is more, with sufficient production rate and without unnecessary restrictions on the radiation power.
[0060]Embodiments of the invention can be utilized in the manufacture of products and/or coatings, whereby the materials for the product can be chosen rather freely. For example, semiconductor diamond can be produced, but in a manner suitable for mass production, large numbers, cost-efficiently, repeatably and with a good quality.
权利要求：
1. An element, characterized in that the element comprises an electrically conductive filmy structure of a certain thickness, which filmy structure does not contain particles larger than 30 nanometres in diameter and has been produced on a substrate with high-quality plasma containing material cold ablated from an ablation target, in order to achieve a heating or cooling effect in the filmy structure by means of electric current coupled to the filmy structure.
2. An element according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a heatable part in the filmy structure.
3. An element according to claim 2, characterized in that in said element the heatable part is arranged so as to be heated through electrical resistance and/or inductively coupled current.
4. An element according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a coolable part in the filmy structure.
5. An element according to claim 4, characterized in that in said element the coolable part is arranged so as to be a Peltier element integrated on a substrate.
6. An element according to claim 1, characterized in that in said element the filmy structure is substantially transparent.
7. An element according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises in a filmy structure a thin film and/or thick film arranged so as to vary its temperature by means of an electric current traveling through the filmy structure part.
8. An element according to claim 1, characterized in that in said element said film thickness is matches to at least one of the following film thicknesses: less than 100 nm, less than 50 nm, less than 25 nm, less than 13 nm
9. An element according to claim 1, characterized in that in said element it further comprises integrated on a substrate an electrical switch component for coupling electric power to the electrically conductive filmy structure.
10. An element according to claim 1, characterized in that in said element it has an antenna structure and/or a means for using an electrically conductive filmy structure as an antenna and/or part thereof.
11. An element according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a first film structure and a second film structure for achieving a first thermal effect and for achieving a second thermal effect.
12. An element according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in said element the substrate of the element is one of the following: plastic, paper, textile, fabric, glass, ceramic, stone, metal, pigment or a combination of any of the above.
13. Use of an element to achieve a thermal effect on a surface, when the element is an element according to claim 1.
14. Use according to claim 13, characterized in that said surface is a part of an antenna of a radar.
15. Use according to claim 13, characterized in that said surface is a part of a vehicle.
16. Use according to claim 13, characterized in that said surface is a surface of a part of a building.
17. Use according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that said surface is a window surface.
18. Use according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that said surface is a decorative surface.
19. A window structure, characterized in that it comprises an element according to claim 1 for producing a thermal effect.
20. A window structure according to claim 19, characterized in that it includes a first sub-layer and a second sub-layer so that said first sub-layer is isolated from said second sub-layer, but said first sub-layer comprises an element according to claim 1 arranged in the form of a first coil, and said second sub-layer comprises an element according to claim 1 arranged in the form of a second coil for inductively supplying electric power to said first coil.
21. A window structure according to claim 19, characterized in that the thermal effect for said window structure is one of the following: heating, cooling, holding the temperature, alternation of heating and cooling.